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SAP ABAP SE11 Data Dictionary Tutorial | Step-by-Step Explanation with Real-Time Examples

   SAP ABAP Data Dictionary (SE11) – Complete Guide to Tables, Views, Domains & Data Elements  

What is the ABAP Data Dictionary?

The SAP ABAP data dictionary serves as a primary and structured source of data for creating objects. It is an independent database DDL (Data Definition Language) that primarily deals with creating, editing, and dropping database tables. The data dictionary allows you to define and maintain database-related items. The ABAP data dictionary is readily connected with the ABAP workbench, allowing all of the workbench's components to simply access the definitions contained in the dictionary.

Functions of Data Dictionary

The important functions of data dictionary objects are as follows.

1. Database tables

2. Domains

3. Data elements

4. Views

5. Search helps

6. Lock Objects

1. Database Tables: – Database tables are collections of fields that store physical data. It is an object that holds data in the form of rows and columns. So database tables are made up of rows and columns. The different types of tables are

1. TRANSPATRENT TABLE

2. POOLED TABLES

3. CLUSTER TABLES

Database Tables

SAP ABAP database tables are collections of fields, each consisting of columns and rows. In SAP, about 8000 tables are defined. When the table is constructed, its columns are named and a data type is assigned to each column. A table's columns and rows can only contain one data value individually.

To define tables in the ABAP dictionary, first define fields. To define a field, give the data type, length, and description.

Field = Data Element + Domain

Domain = Data type + Length

Data Element = Description

Types of ABAP database tables

  1. 1. Transparent tables
  2. 2. Pool Tables
  3. 3. Cluster tables
  4. 1. Transparent tables

2. Domains: – Domains in SAP are used to store technical information about fields such as data types, length, value range, and so on.

3. Data elements: – The data element consists of data type, length, and description. It is used to manage fields in these tables or structures; and learn how to construct data components in SAP.

1. Transparent tables

Transparent tables hold the application's master and transaction data. It has a one-to-one link with the database tables (SAP database, SQL, Oracle, etc.), which means that the table name, field names, and number of fields are the same in both the DDIC and the database. In real-time, an organization often works using transparent tables.

2. Pool tables

Pool tables have one-to-many links with the database tables. When accessing pool tables, the system does a binary search. These pool tables are used to hold internal control information.

3. Cluster tables

Cluster tables have several connections with database tables. When accessing the cluster tables, the system uses a linear search algorithm.

4. Views : – Database tables are collections of fields that store physical data. It is an object that holds data in the form of rows and columns. So database tables are made up of rows and columns. Different view types are

  • 1. Data base view
  • 2. Maintenance view
  • 3. Help view
  • 4. Projection view

5. Search helps : – Domains in SAP are used to store technical information about fields such as data types, length, value range, and so on. Types of search helps are

1. Elementary search help &

2. Collective search help.

SAP ABAP Views

ABAP views in the data dictionary are logical data sets that comprise data derived from one or more tables as a single object. A perspective on one or more tables refers to data that is not physically stored but is derived from one or more tables. Extracting data from several tables takes time; however, it's possible to simplify the process and boost code efficiency by defining a view in the SAP ABAP dictionary.

Types of ABAP Views

  1. 1. Database view
  2. 2. Projection view
  3. 3. Help view
  4. 4. Maintenance view

1. Database view

A database view is a view generated by combining two or more tables utilizing inner join ideas. In the database view, you cannot modify the data; you can only read it.

2. Project View

A project view is a view constructed from a single database. Project views are primarily used to reduce database interface complexity and increase system performance. You may keep the data in the project view. This view supports the insert, update, remove, and select operators.

3. Help View

A view generated on two or more tables using outer join techniques is known as a help view. You cannot execute help views directly; instead, you must include help views within search aids. It offers the help functionary F4 for an input field.

4. Maintenance View

SAP uses maintenance views internally. It aids in the creation of maintenance data, which may be divided over many tables. We do not construct maintenance views in real time since data from different tables is inconsistent.

If you need to extract data from many tables based on certain fields, you must first construct a view of the needed fields.

SAP ABAP Data types

ABAP Data types are described as the user's perspective on the data, i.e. the data formats displayed at the user interface. The data format depends on the type of database being used.

SAP ABAP uses a variety of data types in its job areas, which are listed below.

Types of data types

1. Elementary data types

2. Complex data types

Reference data types

1. Elementary data types : – Elementary data types are further categorized into two types

1. Fixed Length

2. Variable Length

Fixed Length

Keyword
Data Type
Example
C
Text field
“Hello World”
N
Numeric
00500
D
Date
“20171201”
T
Time
“233010”
P
Packed No.
200.50
I
Integer
500
F
Float point number
4e5


Variable Length

Keyword
Type
STRING
Character Sequence
XSTRING
Byte Sequence


Pre-defined elementary ABAP data types

SAP delivers predefined data types with length and templates, where the field length is defined in bytes.

Data Type
Int. Field Length
Valid Field Length
Initial Value
Description
Character Types




C
1
1 – 65535
‘….’
It is a text field for alphanumeric characters.
N
1
1 – 65535
‘0 … 0’
Numerical text field for only numeric characters
D
8
8
‘00000000’
Date field allows in format YYYYMMDD
T
6
6
‘000000’
Time field allows in format HHMMSS
 Numeric Types




I
4
4
0
For Integers (Whole numbers)
F
8
8
0
For floating point number
P
8
1 - 16
0
Packed decimal numbers


DATA BASE TABLE CREATION USING SE11

CREATON OF DATA BASE TABLE  IN T CODE BOX ENTER SE11 TCODE BELOW SCREEN .

* TO CREATE CUSTOM TABLE FIRST USE  Z OR Y  AS FIRST LETTER  FOR CUSTOM TABLE CREAATION.

EXAMPLE  ' ZEMP_DETAILS'  NAME OF THE TABLE.


* ENTER  THE TCODE SE11 IN   COMMAND BOX.

SAP ABAP DDIC INTITAL SCREEN TCODE SE11




* WE WLL  CREATE DATA BASE TABLE
* ENTER THE  TABLE NAME BEGIN WITH Z OR Y .
* CLICK ON CRATE BUTTON.


ABAP DDIC FIRST SCREEN

* SHORT DESCRIPTION 
DELIEVERY CLASS  AS  A.
DATA BROWSER  : DISPLAY/MAINTANCE ALLOWED
SAVE  AS LOCAL OBJECT.

THEN CLICK ON FIELD  OPTION TO ADD SOME FIELDS 

TO CREATE A FIELD 

TABLE MUST HAVE  KEY FIELD 
WE WILL ADD THREE FIELDS IN A TABLE
ID   STUDENT ID
NAME      STUDENT NAME
AGE         STUDENT AGE.

EACH FIELD  HAVE DATA ELEMENT AND DOMAIN

TO CREATE  DATA ELEMENT AND DOMAIN  BEGIN WITH Z OR Y.


SAP ABAP DDIC SCREEN

YOU CAN CREATE DATA ELEMENT AND DOMAIN WITH THE SAME NAME ALSO

DATA ELEMENT : IT DISCRIBE ABOUT THE FIELD
DOMAIN :  TECHN ICAL   ATTRIBUTES  OF A FIELD

DOMAIN CREATION
ABAP DATA ELEMENT CREATION SCREEN


SAVE CHECK AND ACTIVATED FOR DOMAIN AND DATA  ELEMENT
AFTER THAT YOU CAN SEE  BELOW SCREEN

ABAP DDIC TABLE CREATION SCREEN

SAME METHOD HAS TO FOLLOWED  FOR ALL THE FIELDS

2 FIELD  
NAME

DATA ELEMENT CREATION
ABAP DOMAIN SCREATION SCREEN

DOMAIN CREATION 

ABAP DDIC DOMAIN CREATION SCREEN

3 FIELD
AGE

DATA ELEMENT CREATION

SAP ABAP TABLE

DOMAIN CRATION FOR  FIELD AGE

SAP ABAP DDIC DOMAIN CREATION

SAVE , CHECK AND ACTIVATE 


SAP ABAP DDIC

NOW ADD TECHNICAL SETTINGS on

SAP ABAP DDIC

SACE CHECK AND ACTIVATE THE TABLE

ADD  ENTRIES

CLICL ON UTILITIES OPTION
 -> TABLE CONTENT -> CREATE ENTRIES



SAP ABAP DDIC OUTPUT SCREEN

ENTER THE REQUIRED  DATA  AND SAVE IT

SAP ABAP DDIC SELECTION SCREEN


CLICL ON UTILITIES OPTION
 -> TABLE CONTENT -> DISPLAY

SAP ABAP DDIC OUTPUT SCREEN

THE RECORDS WILL DISPLAY

SAP ABAP DDIC

NOTE : TO LEARN HOW TO CREATE  STRUCTURES IN SE11
CLICK BELOW.






SAP ABAP Development First Program 


SAP ABAP Development First Program 

SAP ABAP Structure Creation in SE11


SAP ABAP Structure Creation in SE11


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