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Complete SAP ABAP DEVELOPER Reporting Guide: Classical Reports, Events, Inner Joins & Interactive Reports Explained

SAP ABAP Classical Reports, Events, Inner Joins & Interactive Reporting – Complete Real-Time Guide

SAP ABAP reporting is one of the most important skills for every ABAP consultant. In real-time projects, you will work with Classical Reports, Interactive Reports, Select-Options, Events, System Fields, Inner Joins, and Database Access Enhancements.

This article provides step-by-step explanations, tables, events, and real-time ABAP programs.

🟦 1. What is a Classical Report in SAP ABAP?

A Classical Report displays output in a single list (basic list). It supports multiple list levels but mainly focuses on the primary output.

✔ Real-Time Use Cases

  1. Display vendor master list
  2. Material master reports
  3. Purchase order list
  4. Customer list
  5. Simple data extraction reports

🟦 2. Events Used in Classical Reports (Explained with Examples)

SAP ABAP Classical Reports trigger several system-defined events:

🔹 1. INITIALIZATION

Used to set default values in the selection screen.

INITIALIZATION.
  L_LIFNR-SIGN = 'I'.
  L_LIFNR-OPTION = 'BT'.
  L_LIFNR-LOW = '1000'.
  L_LIFNR-HIGH = '3000'.
  APPEND L_LIFNR.

🔹 2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN

Used for validation of selection screen fields.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON L_LIFNR.
  IF L_LIFNR-LOW = ' ' OR L_LIFNR-HIGH = ' '.
    MESSAGE TEXT-111 TYPE 'E'.
  ENDIF.

🔹 3. START-OF-SELECTION

Default event for data selection logic.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  SELECT LIFNR NAME1 ORT01 PSTLZ 
    FROM LFA1 
    INTO TABLE IT 
    WHERE LIFNR IN L_LIFNR.

🔹 4. END-OF-SELECTION

Used to process or display final output.

🔹 5. TOP-OF-PAGE

Used to display custom headers.

🔹 6. END-OF-PAGE

Used for page footer.

🟦 3. Complete Classical Report Program Using LFA1 Table

✔ Fields used

  1. LIFNR – Vendor Number
  2. NAME1 – Name
  3. ORT01 – City
  4. PSTLZ – Postal Code

✔ Real-Time Classical Report Program

REPORT YCLASSICAL_LFA1 NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.

TABLES: LFA1.

SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF BLOCK B1 WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-000.
SELECT-OPTIONS: L_LIFNR FOR LFA1-LIFNR.
SELECTION-SCREEN: END OF BLOCK B1.

TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_STR,
         LIFNR TYPE LIFNR,
         NAME1 TYPE NAME1_GP,
         ORT01 TYPE ORT01_GP,
         PSTLZ TYPE PSTLZ,
       END OF TY_STR.

DATA: IT TYPE TABLE OF TY_STR,
      WA TYPE TY_STR.

INITIALIZATION.
  L_LIFNR-SIGN = 'I'.
  L_LIFNR-OPTION = 'BT'.
  L_LIFNR-LOW = '1000'.
  L_LIFNR-HIGH = '3000'.
  APPEND L_LIFNR.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON L_LIFNR.
  IF L_LIFNR-LOW = ' ' OR L_LIFNR-HIGH = ' '.
    MESSAGE TEXT-111 TYPE 'E'.
  ENDIF.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  SELECT LIFNR NAME1 ORT01 PSTLZ
    FROM LFA1
    INTO TABLE IT
    WHERE LIFNR IN L_LIFNR.

END-OF-SELECTION.

WRITE:/ 'LIFNR' COLOR 5, 10 'NAME1' COLOR 5, 40 'ORT01' COLOR 5, 60 'PSTLZ' COLOR 5.
ULINE.

LOOP AT IT INTO WA.
  WRITE:/ WA-LIFNR, 10 WA-NAME1, 40 WA-ORT01, 60 WA-PSTLZ.
ENDLOOP.

TOP-OF-PAGE.
  WRITE:/20 'CLASSICAL REPORT — LFA1 TABLE' COLOR 4.
  ULINE.

END-OF-PAGE.

🟦 4. Inner Join in SAP ABAP (Real-Time Example)

Inner Join is used when data is required from multiple related tables.

✔ Real-Time Scenario

Join SCARR (Airline Carrier) and SPFLI (Flight Schedule).

TYPES: BEGIN OF FLIGHT,
         CARRID TYPE SCARR-CARRID,
         CARRNAME TYPE SCARR-CARRNAME,
         CONNID TYPE SPFLI-CONNID,
         CITYFROM TYPE SPFLI-CITYFROM,
         CITYTO   TYPE SPFLI-CITYTO,
       END OF FLIGHT.

DATA: IT_FL TYPE TABLE OF FLIGHT,
      WA_FL TYPE FLIGHT.

SELECT SCARR~CARRID SCARR~CARRNAME
       SPFLI~CONNID  SPFLI~CITYFROM SPFLI~CITYTO
  FROM SCARR AS SCARR
  INNER JOIN SPFLI AS SPFLI
    ON SCARR~CARRID = SPFLI~CARRID
  INTO TABLE IT_FL.

LOOP AT IT_FL INTO WA_FL.
  WRITE:/ WA_FL-CARRID, WA_FL-CARRNAME,
         WA_FL-CONNID, WA_FL-CITYFROM, WA_FL-CITYTO.
ENDLOOP.

🟦 5. Interactive Reports in SAP ABAP

Interactive Reports allow the user to go from Basic List → Secondary List → Detailed List.

THE BELOW EVENTS ARE USED IN DEVELOPING ALV REPORTS.

- LEARN SAP ABAP ALV REPORTS PROGRAMS.

Main Events in Interactive Reports

EventPurpose
START-OF-SELECTIONDisplays basic list
AT LINE-SELECTIONTriggered on double click
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTIONHeader for secondary list
END-OF-PAGEFooter section

🟦 6. System Fields Used in Interactive Reports

Field

Description

SY-LSINDList level index
SY-LISTICalled from which list
SY-LISELSelected line content
SY-CUROWCursor row
SY-CUCOLCursor column
SY-UCOMMFunction code
SY-PFKEYStatus of the list

🟦 7. Real-Time Interactive Report Example

REPORT z_interactive_report.

TABLES: kna1, vbak.

DATA: it_customers TYPE TABLE OF kna1,
      it_orders    TYPE TABLE OF vbak,
      wa_customer  TYPE kna1,
      wa_order     TYPE vbak.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  SELECT * INTO TABLE it_customers FROM kna1 UP TO 20 ROWS.

  LOOP AT it_customers INTO wa_customer.
    WRITE: / wa_customer-kunnr, wa_customer-name1.
    HIDE wa_customer-kunnr.
  ENDLOOP.

AT LINE-SELECTION.
  CLEAR it_orders.
  SELECT * INTO TABLE it_orders FROM vbak
    WHERE kunnr = wa_customer-kunnr.

  LOOP AT it_orders INTO wa_order.
    WRITE: / wa_order-vbeln, wa_order-erdat.
  ENDLOOP.

TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.
  WRITE: / 'Sales Orders for Customer:', wa_customer-name1.
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